Lung Tumors

What is a lung tumor?

A lung tumor is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. Primary tumors that originate in the lungs are rare in cats. More than 80% of primary lung tumors are cancerous, with a high potential for spread (i.e., metastasis) to other body parts. Secondary tumors occur when cancer that originated in another part of the body metastasizes to the lungs. Most lung tumor types can cause fluid to accumulate around the lungs, and impair breathing. Lung tumor signs may be vague, or mimic bronchitis, asthma, or heart failure.

What are common lung tumor signs in cats?

Early signs include:

• Lethargy
• Decreased appetite
• Weight loss

Intermediate to advanced signs include: 

• No respiratory signs
• Wheezing
• Labored or open-mouthed breathing
• Respiratory distress
• Lameness due to metastasis

How are lung tumors managed in cats?  

Management depends on whether the lung tumor is primary or secondary. For primary tumors, removing the portion of affected lung is often recommended. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy can be added, or used by themselves if surgery is not an option. For secondary lung tumors, chemotherapy is the primary treatment. Palliative care includes reducing fluid accumulation around the lungs via thoracentesis. Discussing a personalized management plan with your veterinarian, and a veterinary oncologist, is important for the best outcome for your cat. 

What is the prognosis for cats with a lung tumor?

The prognosis depends on the tumor type and your cat’s treatment response. With successful surgical removal of a primary tumor, and no sign of metastasis, survival times can be a few months to two years. Unfortunately, secondary lung cancer has a poorer prognosis because of the cat’s late cancer stage.  

Management tips for cats with lung tumors   

At-home needs include:

• Easy access to food, water, and litter box, and a comfortable location
• Consistency with prescribed medications or supplements
• Monitoring respiratory rate and effort, appetite, and energy level
• Room purifiers and no indoor smoking

For end-of-life care:

• Try to keep your cat safe and comfortable
• Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration
• Monitor for pain or discomfort
• Evaluate your cat’s quality of life with our scoring tool
• Track progression of their health with our calendar

In a crisis situation:

• Contact your veterinarian immediately if your cat has labored or open-mouthed breathing, or blue gums or tongue; cannot walk; collapses; or vocalizes in pain.

Before your cat‘s condition becomes unmanageable, or they begin losing their quality of life, beginning end-of-life care discussions is vital. Learn more about pet hospice, in-home euthanasia, and our teleadvice service, or contact a Lap of Love veterinarian in your area, so you can feel fully prepared for this difficult time.