Addison's Disease

What is Addison’s disease?

Addison’s disease is a decreased production of adrenal hormones (i.e., corticosteroids), which regulate metabolism, immune function, blood pressure, and stress response. The adrenal glands can lose their hormone-secreting function due to the genetic disposition of certain breeds, and immune-mediated disease. Other less common causes include medications, inflammation, infection, or cancer. Addison’s disease primarily affects young to middle-aged dogs, and has been called “the great imitator,” because symptoms can be vague until a dog is quite ill.

What are common Addison’s disease signs in dogs?

Early signs include:

• Intermittent decreased energy or appetite
• Intermittent diarrhea or vomiting 

Intermediate to advanced signs include:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Weight loss
• Tremors
• Excessive diarrhea and vomiting
• Lethargy and weakness
• Collapse

How is Addison’s disease managed in dogs? 

Almost one third of dogs with Addison’s disease are diagnosed at an advanced stage, known as an “Addisonian crisis,” and need immediate hospitalization. Once a dog is stabilized, a personalized treatment plan of monthly injections and/or oral medication is designed to supplement adrenal hormones. Relapses are possible during times of stress, requiring emergency hormone supplementation. Management of Addison’s disease is lifelong, and involves regular veterinary visits with diagnostic testing, focused owner observation, dedication, and expense.

What is the prognosis for dogs with Addison’s disease?

The prognosis for dogs with Addison’s disease is excellent, if the acute crisis is successfully treated, and the dog responds well to long-term management. Most Addisonian dogs can have a good quality of life, and a normal lifespan. 

Management tips for dogs with Addison’s disease  

At-home needs include:

• Strictly consistent monthly treatments and/or oral medications
• Monitoring appetite, drinking, urination, weight, and energy level
• Limiting stress
• Keeping emergency medication on hand in case of relapse

For end-of-life care:

• Try to keep your dog safe and comfortable
• Ensure they get adequate nutrition and hydration
• Monitor for pain or discomfort
• Evaluate your dog’s quality of life with our scoring tool
• Track progression of your dog’s health with our calendar

In a crisis situation:

• Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog shows signs of lethargy, diarrhea or vomiting, tremors, or collapse, or is unresponsive.

Before your dog‘s condition becomes unmanageable, or they begin losing their quality of life, beginning end-of-life care discussions is vital. Learn more about pet hospice, in-home euthanasia, and our telehospice service, or contact a Lap of Love veterinarian in your area, so you can feel fully prepared for this difficult time.