Cognitive Dysfunction

What is cognitive dysfunction (CDS)?

As dogs age, they may experience brain changes similar to Alzheimer’s disease or dementia in people. Other medical conditions can often mimic cognitive dysfunction, or occur concurrently with the syndrome. CDS is often underdiagnosed, because pet owners assume behavior changes are a result of normal aging.  

What are common CDS signs in dogs?

Early signs include:

• Changes in sleep patterns
• Increased barking or panting
• Increased anxiety
• Decreased or increased activity

Intermediate to advanced signs include:

• Unexplained vision loss, or sense of smell
• Altered interactions with you, or other pets
• Disorientation and aimless wandering
• Memory loss
• House soiling

How is CDS managed in dogs?  

A combination of diet, medication, and supplements can be effective in improving signs, and slowing the progression of cognitive dysfunction. Mental stimulation, such as training, play, exercise, and puzzle toys, are also essential for maintaining brain health. Discussing a personalized management plan with your veterinarian or veterinary behaviorist is important for the best outcome for your dog. 

What is the prognosis for dogs with CDS?

Cognitive dysfunction is a progressive disease that will eventually lead to a decreased quality of life for your dog. The prognosis depends on early detection and intervention to slow further decline, and your dog’s response to a multi-modal treatment plan. 

Management tips for dogs with CDS

At-home needs include:

• Easy access to food, water, and a comfortable location
• Consistency with medication and supplements
• Prescription diets that promote brain function
• Separation from other animals, to avoid altercations or injury
• Exercise and activities for brain stimulation
• A predictable routine
• Modified surfaces to increase traction
• Night lights, ramps or stairs, and safety gates
• Doggie diapers and potty pads, if needed

For end-of-life care:

• Try to keep your dog safe and comfortable
• Ensure they get adequate nutrition and hydration
• Monitor for pain or discomfort
• Evaluate your dog’s quality of life with our scoring tool
• Track progression of your dog’s health with our calendar

In a crisis situation:

• Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog suddenly collapses, loses consciousness, has seizures or difficulty breathing, behaves aggressively, or vocalizes in pain.  

Before your dog’s condition becomes unmanageable, or they begin losing their quality of life, beginning end-of-life care discussions is vital. Learn more about pet hospice, in-home euthanasia, and our teleadvice service, or contact a Lap of Love veterinarian in your area, so you can feel fully prepared for this progressive disease.