Nasal Tumors

What is a nasal tumor?

A nasal tumor is an uncontrolled growth of cells on the nose or in the nasal cavity. The majority of nasal tumors in dogs are malignant and locally invasive, but do not usually spread to other organs (i.e., metastasize). Nasal tumors can be an external squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or intranasal adenocarcinoma. Intranasal tumor signs can mimic a foreign body in the nose, fungal or bacterial infections, chronic rhinitis, tooth root abscess, or blood clotting disorders. 

What are common nasal tumor signs in dogs?

Early signs include:

• Crusting on the nose
• Loud snoring
• Sneezing
• Nasal discharge

Intermediate to advanced signs include: 

• Oozing lesion on the nose
• Rubbing or pawing at the nose
• Frequent nosebleeds
• Eye discharge
• Decreased appetite
• Lethargy
• Facial deformity
• Disorientation

How are nasal tumors managed in dogs?  

The first step in nasal tumor management in dogs is addressing pain and any underlying infection. The preferred treatment is radiation therapy, but chemotherapy may be considered. Cryotherapy or surgery can be used for an external SCC. Dogs with nasal tumors need regular veterinary visits to monitor their status and prognosis. Discussing a personalized management plan with your veterinarian, and a veterinary oncologist, is important for the best outcome for your dog.

What is the prognosis for dogs with a nasal tumor?

The prognosis depends on the tumor type, and how early the cancer was detected. Without treatment, the median survival time for dogs with a nasal tumor ranges from three to five months. Complete SCC excision can be curative. Radiation therapy can extend the median survival time to between 6 to 18 months. 

Management tips for dogs with a nasal tumor 

At-home needs include:

• Easy access to food and water, and a comfortable location
• Consistency with any prescribed medications 
• Monitoring breathing, nasal appearance and discharge, appetite, and energy level
• Using a cold compress or nasal spray for nosebleeds
• Avoiding smoking in the house and using an air purifier
• Keeping your dog with an SCC out of the sun

For end-of-life care:

• Try to keep your dog safe and comfortable
• Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration
• Monitor closely for pain or discomfort
• Evaluate your dog’s quality of life with our scoring tool
• Track progression of their health with our calendar

In a crisis situation:

Contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog has uncontrollable bleeding, excessive sneezing, or difficulty breathing; appears disoriented; collapses; or vocalizes in pain.

Before your dog‘s condition becomes unmanageable, or they begin losing their quality of life, beginning end-of-life care discussions is vital. Learn more about pet hospice, in-home euthanasia, and our telehospice service, or contact a Lap of Love veterinarian in your area, so you can feel fully prepared for this progressive disease.